How we calculate your take-home pay

Where every number comes from

Every rate and deduction on this site is read from the document the issuing agency published — a state Department of Revenue, a state tax commission, or the statute itself. Not from another calculator, and not from a tax-data aggregator.

That distinction is not pedantry. Aggregators disagree with each other constantly. While building this site we found three separate sites publishing Georgia’s 2026 income tax rate as 4.99%, 5.19% and 5.39% simultaneously, all presented as current. The correct figure is 4.99%, under House Bill 463, signed 11 May 2026.

This table is generated automatically from the same data the calculator uses, so the page you are reading and the number the calculator produces cannot disagree.

51 jurisdictions · 42 verified against a 2026 source · last generated September 18, 2026

⚠️ 9 jurisdictions have not yet published 2026 figures. They are marked below and use the most recent published amounts, clearly labelled. Most states publish tax-year instructions between December and March of the following year. We would rather show you a labelled prior-year figure than quietly present it as current.

Jurisdictions awaiting 2026 publication

• Arizona — showing 2025 figures. Source: Individual Income Tax Highlights.
• California — showing 2025 figures. Source: 2025 Form 540 Booklet.
• Idaho — showing 2025 figures. Source: Individual Income Tax Instructions (rev. 03-02-2026).
• Indiana — showing 2025 figures. Source: IT-40 Booklet, Schedule 3 Exemptions.
• Ohio — showing 2025 figures. Source: 2025 IT 1040 Booklet; ORC 5747.025.
• Oklahoma — showing 2025 figures. Source: 2025 Form 511 Packet; 2026 Packet OW-2.
• Utah — showing 2025 figures. Source: Utah Taxpayer Tax Credit; Publication 14 (Rev. 04/26).
• Vermont — showing 2025 figures. Source: 2025 Income Tax Return Booklet.
• West Virginia — showing 2025 figures. Source: 2025 IT-140 Personal Income Tax Forms and Instructions.

We check these monthly and update within days of publication. Every change is recorded in the changelog below.

Rates that changed mid-year

• Georgia — withholding rate changed on May 11, 2026. Pay received before that date was withheld at the old rate. Our calculator accounts for the date.
• Utah — withholding rate changed on June 1, 2026. Pay received before that date was withheld at the old rate. Our calculator accounts for the date.

This is the sort of detail a national calculator with one flat rate per state gets wrong for months at a time.

State-specific notes

Alabama — Alabama’s standard deduction slides down with income rather than phasing to zero — $3,000 single at low incomes, flooring at $2,500 above $35,500 of AGI. Joint filers slide from $8,500 to $5,000.

Arizona — Arizona takes the federal standard deduction amount, against the lowest flat rate in the country at 2.5%. Withholding runs on Form A-4 with a percentage election rather than the federal W-4.

Arkansas — Arkansas allows a $2,470 standard deduction for single filers, $4,940 joint, with $29 personal tax credits per person.

California — California allows a $5,706 standard deduction for single filers and $11,412 joint, with exemption credits of $153 personal and $475 per dependent.

Colorado — Colorado starts from federal taxable income, so the federal standard deduction flows straight through — which also means a 401(k) contribution reduces your federal and Colorado tax simultaneously.

Connecticut — Connecticut has no standard deduction. A personal exemption of $15,000 (single) or $24,000 (joint) reduces by $1,000 for every $1,000 of Connecticut AGI over $30,000 (single) or $48,000 (joint), reaching zero at $44,000 and $72,000 respectively. A separate personal tax credit of up to 75% of tax applies on top.

Delaware — Delaware allows a $3,250 standard deduction single, $6,500 joint, with an additional $2,500 per taxpayer or spouse aged 65+ or blind, capped at $5,000.

Georgia — HB 463 raised Georgia’s standard deduction to $15,000 single and $30,000 joint, raised the dependent exemption to $5,000, and cut the rate to a flat 4.99% from 1 January 2026. Georgia levies no local income tax anywhere in the state.

Hawaii — Hawaii’s standard deduction more than doubles in 2026 — from $4,400 to $8,000 for single filers and $8,800 to $16,000 joint.

Idaho — Idaho takes the federal standard deduction amount. No personal exemptions. A grocery tax credit of $155 per person applies separately.

Illinois — Illinois has no standard deduction. A $2,925 personal exemption applies per person against a flat 4.95% rate, with an extra $1,000 each for age 65+ and for legal blindness.

Indiana — Indiana has no standard deduction. A $1,000 personal exemption applies per person against the 2.95% state rate, plus $1,000 per dependent and an additional $1,500 per dependent child. All 92 counties levy their own income tax on top.

Iowa — Iowa takes whatever federal deduction figure you used — IA 1040 line 1d reads directly from federal Form 1040 line 12. Iowa is flat 3.8% for 2026.

Kansas — Kansas allows a $3,605 standard deduction single and $8,240 joint, but the personal exemption is far larger — $9,160 single, $18,320 joint, plus $2,320 per dependent.

Kentucky — Kentucky’s 2026 standard deduction is $3,360, up $90 from 2025, indexed annually under KRS 141.081. Kentucky has no personal exemption. Flat 3.5%.

Louisiana — Louisiana allows a combined personal exemption and standard deduction of $12,875 single, $25,750 joint, against a flat 3%. CPI-indexed, with the first adjustment on 1 January 2026.

Maine — Maine allows a $15,700 standard deduction single and $31,400 joint, plus a $5,300 personal exemption, but the deduction phases out entirely at higher incomes.

Maryland — Maryland’s standard deduction is a flat $3,350 single and $6,700 joint, with a $3,200 personal exemption. Single filers begin losing the exemption above $100,000 of federal AGI; joint filers keep the full $3,200 until $150,000. County income tax rates run 2.25% to 3.30% on top.

Massachusetts — Massachusetts does not allow the federal standard deduction. A $4,400 personal exemption applies (single), $8,800 joint, with $700 extra for age 65+, $2,200 for blindness and $1,000 per dependent.

Michigan — Michigan has no general standard deduction for wage income. A $5,900 personal exemption applies per person against a flat 4.25%. Roughly two dozen cities levy their own income tax — Detroit is 2.4% for residents and 1.2% for non-residents, so two people in the same job can take home different amounts depending on which side of the boundary they live.

Minnesota — Minnesota allows a $15,300 standard deduction single and $30,600 joint, with a $5,300 dependent exemption. An additional $2,000 (single/HoH) or $1,600 (married) applies for age 65+ or blindness.

Mississippi — Mississippi allows a $2,300 standard deduction single and $4,600 joint, PLUS a $6,000 personal exemption ($12,000 joint). The rate dropped to 4.0% for 2026, with the first $10,000 taxed at 0%.

Missouri — Missouri takes the federal standard deduction amount. Brackets compress inside the first $9,436, so in practice Missouri behaves like a flat 4.70% for anyone on a normal salary. Kansas City and St. Louis each levy a 1% earnings tax on people who WORK there, not just residents.

Montana — Montana uses the same type of deduction taken on your federal return, and 2026 withholding relies on the federal standard deduction amount. No personal exemption.

Nebraska — Nebraska allows an $8,850 standard deduction single and $17,700 joint, with a $176 personal exemption credit per exemption.

New Jersey — New Jersey has no standard deduction. Exemptions are $1,000 per person, $1,500 per dependent, $1,000 extra for age 65+ or blindness, and $6,000 for veterans.

New Mexico — New Mexico takes the federal amount — PIT-1 line 12 reads “Federal standard or itemized deduction amount”. A low- and middle-income exemption and a dependent deduction apply on top.

New York — New York allows an $8,000 standard deduction single and $16,050 joint. There is no taxpayer exemption, only a $1,000 dependent exemption. New York City and Yonkers levy separate local income taxes on residents.

North Carolina — North Carolina allows a $12,750 standard deduction single and $25,500 joint, against a flat 3.99%. There is no personal exemption at all.

North Dakota — North Dakota begins from federal TAXABLE income, which already has the federal standard deduction subtracted. There is no separate North Dakota deduction or exemption to apply.

Ohio — Ohio has no standard deduction. A per-person exemption applies, tiered by income: $2,400 below $40,000 of modified AGI, $2,150 to $80,000, and $1,900 above that. Municipal and school district income taxes apply on top in much of the state.

Oklahoma — Oklahoma allows a $6,350 standard deduction single and $12,700 joint — statutorily fixed, not indexed — plus a $1,000 personal exemption per person. 2026 rates are 2.50%, 3.50% and 4.50%.

Oregon — Oregon allows a $2,910 standard deduction single and $5,820 joint, with a $263 exemption credit per allowance. Oregon has a 9.90% top rate and no sales tax, plus Portland-area local income taxes.

Pennsylvania — Pennsylvania has no standard deduction and no personal exemption — it taxes from the first dollar at a flat 3.07%. Only four deductions exist at all (MSA, HSA, 529, 529A). Nearly every municipality also levies a local Earned Income Tax.

Rhode Island — Rhode Island allows an $11,200 standard deduction single and $22,400 joint, plus a $5,250 per-person exemption. Both phase out above $261,000 of modified federal AGI.

South Carolina — For 2026 South Carolina replaced the federal standard deduction with its own South Carolina Income Adjusted Deduction: $15,000 single, $30,000 joint, $22,500 head of household, reducing as income rises. New rates are 1.99% below $30,000 of taxable income and 5.21% above.

Utah — Utah has no state deduction at all. Instead a taxpayer tax credit equal to 6% of your federal standard or itemized deduction (plus $2,111 per qualifying dependent) is reduced by 1.3% of state taxable income above a base. The 2026 rate is 4.45%, down from 4.5%.

Vermont — Vermont allows a $7,650 standard deduction single and $15,300 joint, plus a $5,300 personal exemption per person and $1,250 for each federal age-65-or-blind box.

Virginia — Virginia allows an $8,750 standard deduction single and $17,500 joint for 2026, plus a $930 personal exemption per person with $800 extra for age 65+ and $800 for blindness. Virginia levies no local income tax anywhere in the state, and its top 5.75% bracket starts at just $17,000 — so the graduated structure is effectively flat for anyone on a real salary.

Washington — Washington levies no income tax on wages, but two mandatory payroll deductions apply that most national calculators omit: Paid Family and Medical Leave and WA Cares.

West Virginia — West Virginia has no standard deduction. A $2,000 exemption applies per person, or $500 if no exemptions are claimed. Not indexed — the amount has been statutorily fixed for decades.

Wisconsin — Wisconsin allows a $13,960 standard deduction single and $25,840 joint, but it phases out as income rises — which is why a raise in Wisconsin feels smaller than the bracket table suggests.

How to check our work

Every row above links to the document the figure came from. If you find a discrepancy, email [email protected]. Corrections to tax data are made within five business days and recorded in the changelog, with credit if you want it.